tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21233505949625675032024-03-14T15:27:37.984+08:00Necos.tw尼可斯的世界教學課程內容介紹(原<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/">尼可斯的世界</a>),協作平台之轉移站台Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.comBlogger40125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-58669280269490682002017-08-04T18:33:00.000+08:002017-08-05T09:42:05.368+08:00fontawesome -test<head>
<link href="https://necos.tw/~necos/font/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.7.0" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<br />
<i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-home fa-5x"></i>
<i class="fa fa-address-book fa-5x" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<i class="fa fa-car fa-5x" aria-hidden="true"></i>
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-53780996490493149802015-08-12T11:05:00.000+08:002015-08-12T11:06:20.206+08:00Gmail快速轉寄群組名單我們有時會因為信件要轉寄,填入大量使用者而覺得麻煩。其實,在Gmail裡的聯絡人有個『群組』的功能,如果能將他整合的話,會讓你在<span style="color: red;">固定</span>轉寄或要寄件時,不需要一個個聯絡人點選,以下讓我們來看看如何操作!<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kNASDw6Y9Mg/Vcq04D1w3TI/AAAAAAAAOtI/_C6wxKMjVRg/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B09-59-02.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="183" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kNASDw6Y9Mg/Vcq04D1w3TI/AAAAAAAAOtI/_C6wxKMjVRg/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B09-59-02.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">例如:收到了一封很多朋友的都會收到的Email</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SUUFLNWNneM/Vcq06XY8lOI/AAAAAAAAOtk/Psr4a-JNInU/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-12-52.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="303" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SUUFLNWNneM/Vcq06XY8lOI/AAAAAAAAOtk/Psr4a-JNInU/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-12-52.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">反白選擇全部人後進行複製</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rE3E_vCjVTk/Vcq04GVeKTI/AAAAAAAAOtE/ACLrY-3XNS4/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-07-15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="377" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rE3E_vCjVTk/Vcq04GVeKTI/AAAAAAAAOtE/ACLrY-3XNS4/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-07-15.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">點選左上方進入通訊錄</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iP1m-IjtF2c/Vcq04L626cI/AAAAAAAAOtM/NaB1rcwlQg4/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-08-18.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="319" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iP1m-IjtF2c/Vcq04L626cI/AAAAAAAAOtM/NaB1rcwlQg4/s320/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-08-18.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">改回為舊版介面(因新版加入聯絡人目前較不方便)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JhQeVrqz9S0/Vcq06oO12mI/AAAAAAAAOtg/KxFRoLm0yK8/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-17-07.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JhQeVrqz9S0/Vcq06oO12mI/AAAAAAAAOtg/KxFRoLm0yK8/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-17-07.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">接受電話號碼預設,依圖進行新增聯絡人,將剛複製的名冊貼上點新增</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hQboxTlea5s/Vcq06V8t8kI/AAAAAAAAOtc/odLx_8IykbQ/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-21-44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hQboxTlea5s/Vcq06V8t8kI/AAAAAAAAOtc/odLx_8IykbQ/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-21-44.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">資料馬上就加入通訊錄了,也可以各別點選進行修改或新增電話,<br />
<span style="color: red;">此gmail帳號如有和android手機相連的話,手機上通訊錄即會同步</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uJBXwsB2jvE/Vcq07cQwx6I/AAAAAAAAOt0/6yyOJRQs1UM/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-27-24.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="166" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uJBXwsB2jvE/Vcq07cQwx6I/AAAAAAAAOt0/6yyOJRQs1UM/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-27-24.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">用00比較方便,不然用英文可能會與某個聯絡人相同,則會出現聯絡人資料</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Hbbsxo6BUY/Vcq08Gfa4LI/AAAAAAAAOt8/l9OS2vbLggw/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-30-58.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Hbbsxo6BUY/Vcq08Gfa4LI/AAAAAAAAOt8/l9OS2vbLggw/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-30-58.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">新增完後面也會出現該聯絡人的群組歸類類別為何</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WLeHJH0osIw/Vcq08mI_duI/AAAAAAAAOuA/2XMOH6bflIQ/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-32-44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="196" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WLeHJH0osIw/Vcq08mI_duI/AAAAAAAAOuA/2XMOH6bflIQ/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-32-44.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">記得重新整理一下剛剛加入的聯絡人及群組</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_5M1Rc395NA/Vcq08r1c4eI/AAAAAAAAOuE/5g20nQqjJw4/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-33-43.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_5M1Rc395NA/Vcq08r1c4eI/AAAAAAAAOuE/5g20nQqjJw4/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-33-43.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">打下00就會出現對應的群…</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qFL5z1C_CCk/Vcq086KRH4I/AAAAAAAAOuI/VrtOyUabcWA/s1600/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-38-54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qFL5z1C_CCk/Vcq086KRH4I/AAAAAAAAOuI/VrtOyUabcWA/s400/2015-8-12%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%2B10-38-54.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">傳送即完成囉!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
以上,請參考!<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-26485489876670058962013-09-18T14:49:00.004+08:002013-09-18T14:50:15.230+08:00EXCEL函數混合運用(2)<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">※電腦利用亂數來產生1-5的數字,玩家亦從1-5挑選一個數字與電腦比較,大小為1比5大、5比4大、4比3大、3比2大、2比1大,並判斷遊戲輸贏。</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">※相關使用函數提示:rand()=亂數、or()=或、if()=判斷式、abs()=絕對值。</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/wubiaotidewenzhang/2009-8-5%20%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88%2003-36-15.jpg?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/wubiaotidewenzhang/2009-8-5%20%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88%2003-36-15.jpg?attredirects=0" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
範例:<a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxuZWNvc3R3fGd4OjQyYzI5YTY5MWMyN2VlNWY" target="_blank">下載</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-86718094354549521522013-09-18T13:28:00.002+08:002013-09-18T14:50:22.268+08:00EXCEL函數混合運用(1)-rand()亂數產生、int取整數、round取小數<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">※利用函數來設計的猜拳遊戲…</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">※使用函數提示:rand()=亂數、and()=和、or()=或、if()=判斷等。</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">一、相關作法如簡報檔。</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">二、對excel函數運用的程度如<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/excel%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87.xls?attredirects=0">附件</a>。</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">※使用亂數函數會產生0-1之間的亂數。</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/_/rsrc/1249955037699/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-38-05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/_/rsrc/1249955037699/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-38-05.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
如需要較大之數值,即將其亂數後乘上所需的最大值…</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
如需要0-10,則在儲存格內輸入:「=rand()*11」;</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
如需要0-99,則在停存格內輸入:「=rand()*100」。</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-47-22.jpg?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-47-22.jpg?attredirects=0" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
※INT()無條件取整數(無條件捨去小數點以後之數字)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
例:「=int(3.141592654)」則會變成「3」</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/_/rsrc/1249955515731/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-50-22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/_/rsrc/1249955515731/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-50-22.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
<div style="color: red;">
※ROUND(數值,小數點幾位)四捨五入到小數點</div>
<div>
例:「round(3.141592654,2)」則會變成「3.14」</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-57-43.jpg?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/excelhanshuhunheyunyong/2009-8-11%20%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%2009-57-43.jpg?attredirects=0" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="color: red;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<br />
相關函數運用:<br />
<div>
無條件進位=roundup(數,小數點)</div>
<div>
無條件捨去=rounddown(數,小數點)<br />
<br />
<br />
簡報檔:<a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxuZWNvc3R3fGd4OjM0ZTczMWIwZTNhMTNjYjk" target="_blank">點我</a><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
by necos.s</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-46072837242164021532013-01-23T09:31:00.000+08:002013-04-03T10:11:02.380+08:00倉捷輸入法1.21 for win7本身就是使用倉頡輸入法,後面發現到「倉捷輸入法」真是個好東西(還可以可使用速成、日文及符號等),於是從XP後就用好些年,直到WIN7出來後發現不能裝,便開始再去另找其他的類似輸入法,只不過編碼表需要重新輸入及設定順序,雖然適用了一陣子,但發現與部份程式會發生衝突,最近尋找了半天還是重回了倉捷的懷抱,請使用倉頡的同伴們能使用倉捷輸入法,我參用了google下查尋的資料,將倉捷變成了自解檔,以省去安裝時的設定<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BQJSd00UGVs/UP9CVODxrII/AAAAAAAAFAw/y2SoMahYZMU/s1600/2013-1-23+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-51-16.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BQJSd00UGVs/UP9CVODxrII/AAAAAAAAFAw/y2SoMahYZMU/s320/2013-1-23+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-51-16.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
點我下載:<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0By_7oIqGznf0YUNIOFVwZTZkclk/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">倉捷輸入法1.21 for win7</a><br />
<br />
<br />
參考網站:<a href="http://kentxchang.blogspot.tw/2010/10/win7.html">http://kentxchang.blogspot.tw/2010/10/win7.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-37399594917483796902012-08-31T09:19:00.001+08:002012-08-31T09:19:04.441+08:00EXCEL函數式運用(內容說明)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
EXCEL使用中,在等號後輸入正確的函數名稱後,就會出現該函數的使用說明,以方便使用者運用及參考。</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
當出現函數說明時,可利用滑鼠來點選該項,EXCEL則會將對應的資料反白表示出,以利使用者參考。</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hNiWQfhRRwA/UEAMhpYRorI/AAAAAAAAEIY/_gZZlnqkSfM/s1600/2012-8-31+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-26-11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="162" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hNiWQfhRRwA/UEAMhpYRorI/AAAAAAAAEIY/_gZZlnqkSfM/s320/2012-8-31+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-26-11.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">點選黃色說明的logical_test,則會反白上面的項目</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
等號(=)後為運算、函數式的開始;有的函數式後方括號內可以不用加資料,即可傳回資料數據,有的裡面需要加資料、參數,並以「,」作區分。<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4Bzr_ng_M1s/UEAMiP_BHhI/AAAAAAAAEIc/w6RwdXkS3uk/s1600/2012-8-31+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-32-04.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="147" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4Bzr_ng_M1s/UEAMiP_BHhI/AAAAAAAAEIc/w6RwdXkS3uk/s320/2012-8-31+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-32-04.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-34358650650178690962012-08-01T08:31:00.000+08:002012-08-01T08:31:15.439+08:00INTERNET應用(15)-ping(檢查連線狀況)「PING」是一個網路工具指令,常常用來進行測試網路是否正常,除了用瀏覽器開啟某個網站確認是否能夠連線外,還可以使用PING來測網站(伺服器)或主機之間網路是否連線。<br /><a name='more'></a><br /><div>
PING像是對洞口或井丟石頭,藉由石頭回應的聲音與時間來測試該洞口或井的深淺或其他狀態;在電腦間,其指令來測試兩台電腦間的連線情形及速度是否正常。<br /><br />方法:<br /><br />開始(或微軟符號+R)>執行>輸入cmd>確定(進入提示命令字元)>輸入「ping (空一格)網址」>ENTER。例:ping www.google.com.tw等…<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GsQUrWodW6U/UBhy2pU3G9I/AAAAAAAAEGc/h9Ozz1RHE0I/s1600/2009-7-6%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252004-28-47.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="161" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GsQUrWodW6U/UBhy2pU3G9I/AAAAAAAAEGc/h9Ozz1RHE0I/s320/2009-7-6%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252004-28-47.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">打入「cmd」按確定即可</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
ping之功能可以得知其主機之「ip」位置,回應時間,傳送封包是會有遺漏的情形發生。<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xUsz1PsnAxU/UBhy60V57GI/AAAAAAAAEGk/1mfXXnNNrWs/s1600/2009-7-6%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252004-29-17.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xUsz1PsnAxU/UBhy60V57GI/AAAAAAAAEGk/1mfXXnNNrWs/s320/2009-7-6%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252004-29-17.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
ps.有時網路上不要隨意ping別人主機或伺服器,可能會造成對方誤解;甚至會引來網路上的許多問題。<br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-14515277065204060732012-07-27T10:53:00.003+08:002012-08-03T15:28:59.164+08:00INTERNET應用(14)-病毒、蠕蟲及特洛伊木馬程式<div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dl_Wvwy6cxQ/UBH7jSJAByI/AAAAAAAAEFE/KmoK8r2D5DU/s1600/1343353186_virus.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dl_Wvwy6cxQ/UBH7jSJAByI/AAAAAAAAEFE/KmoK8r2D5DU/s1600/1343353186_virus.png" /></a>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">何謂電腦病毒(Virus)? </span></div>
電腦病毒是一種會自我複製的可執行程式
<b id="internal-source-marker_0.37783073796890676" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 125px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(均以執行檔或命令檔為較多)</span></b> 。當病毒發病時,它很可能會破壞硬碟中的資料,有些病毒甚至會重新格式化硬碟,或破壞電的BIOS(CIH等)、韌體等。<br />
<div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WDLvJ6-TtK4/UBH7kMmegHI/AAAAAAAAEFI/2icZnA58TU8/s1600/1343353232_trojan.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WDLvJ6-TtK4/UBH7kMmegHI/AAAAAAAAEFI/2icZnA58TU8/s1600/1343353232_trojan.png" /></a><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">何謂木馬(特洛伊木馬,Trojan,釣魚等)? </span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;">特洛依木馬一種會執行非預期或未授權(惡意)之動作的程式,入侵者可以透過特洛伊木馬操縱受害電腦執行任意的指令,例如顯示訊息、刪除檔案或將磁碟格式化。 </span></div>
<div>
特洛依木馬型病毒通常不會感染其他檔案,清除特洛依木馬型病毒的方法是直接刪除受感染的程式並修改相關之 Windows 登錄檔或設定。 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ubZt0dwSKFE/UBH9P7Q4cmI/AAAAAAAAEFU/L-62Y9WT_j4/s1600/1343356122_gnibbles.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ubZt0dwSKFE/UBH9P7Q4cmI/AAAAAAAAEFU/L-62Y9WT_j4/s1600/1343356122_gnibbles.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<br /></div>
何謂電腦蠕蟲(Worm)? <br />
電腦蠕蟲是一種程式,可將本身的功能或程式碼的一部份透過網路散播到其他電腦。電腦蠕蟲比較會自我複製和耗損系統資源(佔用硬碟空間、記憶體空間、網路頻寬),造成系統或網路癱瘓,而不強調破壞性;而電腦病毒則偏重在發病的破壞,而發病前則會盡量躲藏起來。 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_KgEWpY5LCo/UBH-jwGrm_I/AAAAAAAAEFk/D5Til7QWTdg/s1600/1343356543_exit.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_KgEWpY5LCo/UBH-jwGrm_I/AAAAAAAAEFk/D5Til7QWTdg/s1600/1343356543_exit.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
何謂後門(backdoor)?<br />
後門是指可以”繞過”系統中的保全措施進入系統的管道,它可能是系統開發廠商預留便於維護系統的措施,或是系統漏洞,或是入侵者特意植入後門程式而產生的後門。<br />
<br />
日前很多惡意程式及病毒,均是透過電子郵件方式進行傳送。不經意的就會誤認為朋友本身郵寄的附檔或連結,而也有即時通(Email等)遭人盜用後,讓他人受騙及誤觸的情形發生。故未來除在信任人員寄件附查多多留意外,另也注意連結是否正確,再三的詢問及瞭解才不會帶來許多麻煩。<br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UJ-pDktXQgc/UBH-M4TlrHI/AAAAAAAAEFc/xnPSNGRHHKM/s1600/1343356182_virus_alert.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UJ-pDktXQgc/UBH-M4TlrHI/AAAAAAAAEFc/xnPSNGRHHKM/s1600/1343356182_virus_alert.png" /></a><br />
<br />
PS: 目前的防毒軟體不只會防止病毒,連電腦蠕蟲(Worm)、木馬(特洛伊木馬,Trojan、釣魚)等都可攔截、清除。 <br />
<br />
如果有遇不明確的檔案時,可利用<a href="http://www.metascan-online.com/">Metascan</a>網站將檔案上傳進行掃毒,他有集合目前市上許多掃毒程式的引擎協助檢查,也可以先將多個檔案進行壓縮成「zip」檔再上傳掃毒。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hor6RJa0i2g/UBIBi_uMesI/AAAAAAAAEGA/DlRuMPlGuHU/s1600/2012-7-27+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-44-56.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hor6RJa0i2g/UBIBi_uMesI/AAAAAAAAEGA/DlRuMPlGuHU/s320/2012-7-27+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-44-56.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">有大小限制,最大40MB</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
零時差攻擊:</div>
<div>
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 125px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<b id="internal-source-marker_0.37783073796890676" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 125px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">系統或程式還在更新或修補期間,駭客先將更新檔擷取,利用所取的檔案,瞭解更新內容及資訊,再利用該資訊立即進行其他漏洞發現。</span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></b></div>
<div>
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 125px;">相關新聞:<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.techbang.com/posts/8676-pwn2own-2012-hacker-conference-chrome-became-the-first-break-of-the-browser">chrome的漏洞</a></span></b><br />
<br />
<br />社群網站是駭客的獵場:<br />像 Facebook 、 Twitter 和 LinkedIn 等流行的社交網絡,正是網絡駭客的快樂獵場。在共享數據的時候,就算你認為自己是在一個可信賴的環境中,為了個人的隱私安全著想,請不要在以上這些網站中張貼任何敏感或過於暴露的圖片、訊息。請留意網路的安全功能,並設法避免點擊陌生的影片或新聞連結,因為這很可能引發一連串的社交工程攻擊。<br />社交工程攻擊 (Social Engineering Attacks)<br />社交工程攻擊是利用人性弱點的攻擊手法。用來哄騙他人的個人資料(帳號密碼等),進而危害到系統的安全。同時這種攻擊的手法也是非技術性的。例如釣魚者發一個看似來自於真實來源的電子郵件,使得那些深信不疑的人進入偽造的網站,並輸入個人敏感資料,讓釣魚者達到目的。其他常見的手法還包括了偽裝成技術支援人員,向用戶索取密碼,再俟機登入到特定的系統中。<br />
<br />
<br />
引用資料:<br />
<a href="http://forum.icst.org.tw/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=17">http://forum.icst.org.tw/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=17</a><br />
<a href="http://www.twisc.ncku.edu.tw/epaper/ePaper-023/column.html">http://www.twisc.ncku.edu.tw/epaper/ePaper-023/column.html</a>
<br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-26396432299755193892012-07-16T13:24:00.003+08:002012-08-31T08:58:42.033+08:00主機板介紹(二)-CPU新一代的電腦較舊的電腦已愈差異愈大,從原本的南北橋設計,到現在的單一晶片組設計,除了整合南北橋外,也簡化並加快了各週邊存取的速度。<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;">在過去,電腦裡的晶片很多,但近年來技術及制程不斷的更新衍進,CPU的核心也由雙核增加到八核不等。而搭配CPU最重要的就是各家的晶片組,而現在主要CPU(X86、X64)陣營中,以AMD、INTEL為主,一個以低耗功、散熱佳、制程新等訴求,另一個以低價為主,讓中低階使用者優先考量。</span><br />
<br />
而說到主機板上的設計,近幾年來有很多不同的改變,北橋進入CPU內,而其南橋也整合至一顆稱為晶片組(也有人稱南橋)。<br />
<br />
過去選擇CPU時,可以用不同的CPU,配同一塊板子。而今,除了CPU腳位不同外,主機板晶片組也會不同,在選擇新的電腦時應該多準意一下晶片組的新舊型號,免得買到除了不能更換CPU的型號外,也會影響週邊設備的介面反援及速度。<br />
<br />
就如圖下:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z-ZuO_ZLr4A/UAOB4TqRJ7I/AAAAAAAAEAc/0x23gMhw8NU/s1600/02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="217" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z-ZuO_ZLr4A/UAOB4TqRJ7I/AAAAAAAAEAc/0x23gMhw8NU/s320/02.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">原為CPU+南橋+北橋晶片,現改成CPU+晶片組</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LX12D3fQ9zc/UAOJEeYs5lI/AAAAAAAAEAo/tnYoTKGBx6s/s1600/15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LX12D3fQ9zc/UAOJEeYs5lI/AAAAAAAAEAo/tnYoTKGBx6s/s320/15.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">主機板上的晶片組</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
超執行緒(HT, Hyper-Threading)是<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE">英特爾</a>研發的一個技術,於2002年發佈。超執行緒技術原先只應用於<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeon">Xeon</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8">處理器</a>中,當時稱為「Super-Threading」。之後陸續應用在Pentium 4中,將技術主流化。 <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X3D1ItZdQuQ/UAOKIJt4PII/AAAAAAAAEA4/zsXTesJJNfg/s1600/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-47-33.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="174" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X3D1ItZdQuQ/UAOKIJt4PII/AAAAAAAAEA4/zsXTesJJNfg/s320/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-47-33.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">超執行緒(HT)與單核差別的意示圖</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xNuYKQoZ-sI/UAOL9vTfQ3I/AAAAAAAAEBw/bwlkmxrnr7Y/s1600/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-36.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xNuYKQoZ-sI/UAOL9vTfQ3I/AAAAAAAAEBw/bwlkmxrnr7Y/s320/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-36.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">超執行緒(HT)意示圖,2個核心,可模擬成四核心</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fcHyFrHSDes/UAOL-Hsa2TI/AAAAAAAAEB0/lv-TcAtywpo/s1600/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="244" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fcHyFrHSDes/UAOL-Hsa2TI/AAAAAAAAEB0/lv-TcAtywpo/s320/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-44.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">無超執行緒(HT)四核心的意示圖</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wbAELEsBshc/UAOL_Jkc0-I/AAAAAAAAECA/qID3sP8EkgI/s1600/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wbAELEsBshc/UAOL_Jkc0-I/AAAAAAAAECA/qID3sP8EkgI/s320/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-27-54.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">四核心+超執行緒(HT)晶片區域</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6tj25oaOApU/UAOOPAbaA1I/AAAAAAAAECI/KSgDhBwD4bI/s320/2012-7-16+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-44-20.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">在工作管理員內看到四核心的狀況</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
AMD由於架構的不同,對多工處理的表現會較好;另其認為由於處理器實際上只有一個核心,萬一發生資源互搶的情形時,整體效能反而會下降。亦是AMD不提供虛擬雙核心處理器的理由。<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ey34n0fZfNw/UAOKI6GyZaI/AAAAAAAAEA8/3dG0FpLrP9U/s1600/B70H8T7X935D_11170001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ey34n0fZfNw/UAOKI6GyZaI/AAAAAAAAEA8/3dG0FpLrP9U/s320/B70H8T7X935D_11170001.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">AMD CPU </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JizFVplmhJ8/UAOKJc2n7MI/AAAAAAAAEBE/WvezKd9sgNk/s1600/cedia9lkWpJpU.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JizFVplmhJ8/UAOKJc2n7MI/AAAAAAAAEBE/WvezKd9sgNk/s320/cedia9lkWpJpU.jpg" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">AMD的晶片主(搭配AMD CPU)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vBmDWZ7IGac/UAOKKzn__WI/AAAAAAAAEBY/7wESSh8m2nk/s1600/five_pictures2_2533_20120308144915.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vBmDWZ7IGac/UAOKKzn__WI/AAAAAAAAEBY/7wESSh8m2nk/s320/five_pictures2_2533_20120308144915.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">AMD主機板A75D3H,已沒南北橋晶片</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
用於小筆電的ATOM系列的CPU:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KHLOuur1Cao/UAOKL3sNV8I/AAAAAAAAEBg/xyC1g32pyho/s1600/nEO_IMG_Intel_Atom_N450_CPU_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KHLOuur1Cao/UAOKL3sNV8I/AAAAAAAAEBg/xyC1g32pyho/s320/nEO_IMG_Intel_Atom_N450_CPU_01.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ATOM CPU</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ejTQa0pnUE/UAOKMyETiOI/AAAAAAAAEBk/6kyIlU3H0Fo/s1600/nEO_IMG_Intel_Atom_sc_die_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ejTQa0pnUE/UAOKMyETiOI/AAAAAAAAEBk/6kyIlU3H0Fo/s320/nEO_IMG_Intel_Atom_sc_die_01.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ATOM的晶片</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
參考資料:維基<a href="http://xn--0jsw49f4fh0mf/">超執行緒</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-59432801550690530112012-07-13T13:51:00.003+08:002012-07-13T13:53:18.561+08:00主機板介紹(一)「主機板」(Motherboard) 不算電腦裡最佳的硬件,但是是放最多東西的地方。<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
而現在新的主機板上面可能仍有數個不同樣式的的插槽。<span style="background-color: white;">即使各位見過不下百張的主機板,仍會驚訝於一張板子怎麼能放這麼多零件,而一年比一年多、一年比一年強。</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<a name='more'></a></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>平台的概念</b></span><br />
<br />
在電腦硬體中,主機板扮演的是一個整合「平台」 (Platform) 角色,它把其他的零件串連起來,變成一個整體。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
我們常說CPU像大腦一樣,負責所有運算的工作,而主機板就有點像脊椎,連接擴充卡、硬碟、網路、音效、鍵盤、滑鼠、印表機等等所有的週邊,讓CPU可以掌控。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
所以玩電腦的人,常會在意「主機板穩不穩」,因為主機板連接的週邊太多,若穩定性不夠就容易出現各種靈異現象。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
CPU不夠快,頂多人笨一點算得慢,但脊椎出毛病就不良於行了。當然,CPU還是最重要的零件,CPU壞了,就像本草綱目所記載的:「腦殘沒藥醫」。<br />
<br />
目前全世界最大的主機板廠通通都在台灣(主要生產線還是在大陸),但就像最前面說的,現在主機板上實在放太多東西,每個插槽都是一種規格,有自己的歷史和技術。而本篇主要是講一個「綜觀」,各插槽的技術會在對應硬件裡詳細說明,出現一堆英文縮寫請別在意。<br />
<br />
廢話不多說,先選了一張主機板做介紹。<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>主機板外觀</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IFXle8GPL0A/T_-E_CDhR_I/AAAAAAAAD_s/KwbzVhfu-Ys/s1600/msi_p35_neo2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IFXle8GPL0A/T_-E_CDhR_I/AAAAAAAAD_s/KwbzVhfu-Ys/s320/msi_p35_neo2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">或許你電腦裡的東西與這張圖不同,東西也不一定這麼多,但某些東西是每一張主機板都會有的。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1q_9Ezgj5sw/T_-CrLqLa_I/AAAAAAAAD9E/mY1NPu53QDc/s1600/mb002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1q_9Ezgj5sw/T_-CrLqLa_I/AAAAAAAAD9E/mY1NPu53QDc/s320/mb002.jpg" width="294" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">先把板中會有的東西框出來,依
標號順<span style="background-color: white;">序介紹。</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">1.CPU插槽 (CPU Socket)</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EkdiFYQY4rk/T_-Cr0Tx4bI/AAAAAAAAD9M/c0ASCktmPQk/s1600/mb003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EkdiFYQY4rk/T_-Cr0Tx4bI/AAAAAAAAD9M/c0ASCktmPQk/s320/mb003.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">已裝上CPU的板子(四相電感及週邊電容)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
主機板一定有個插槽放CPU,不同的主機板通常會有不同的CPU插槽型式,而即使插槽型式一樣,主機板也不一定都能支援,這跟CPU或主機板的世代交替,或是廠商自己劃分產品定位有關。而在照片左端有一個八孔白色插槽,那是給CPU供電用的(現多改為四孔)。<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dsD3ecaysfE/T_-CsmlkMBI/AAAAAAAAD9Q/UDEv0gad7c4/s1600/mb004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dsD3ecaysfE/T_-CsmlkMBI/AAAAAAAAD9Q/UDEv0gad7c4/s320/mb004.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">插上電源插頭之後樣式</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">現在高階CPU的耗電(TDP)非常高,所以要有專門的電源模組,特別給CPU用。另外,CPU是很精密的電子零件,它有固定範圍的工作電壓,過高過低都會傷到CPU,所以CPU插槽旁邊都會佈滿一顆顆的小圓柱(照片中銀色紫色交錯的東西)。這些「電容」的作用像小型的電池,當輸入電壓較高時就儲存電力,輸入電壓較低時就釋放電力,而快速的儲存和釋放,會讓供電保持在一個較穩定的環境</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">。</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">喜歡超頻(OC)的玩家會很在意這些電容,因為這是穩定電壓的零件之一,可提升電源的純淨度,玩家會講究電容的型式 (固態或電解)、廠牌 (日系或台系),甚至是安裝 (插件式或SMD式) 的方法,為的就是給CPU最穩定的環境,達到超頻的爽度。</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">但要注意,穩壓不是只有電容在做,而是要搭配其他零件 (如電容旁邊的R25方塊,電感) 和整體線路,不一定用上高級電容就保証有高級電源,最重要的還是主機板的線路設計方式。而現在主機板常常標榜的「分相」,就是把供電的電流和電壓分開成數個,比如原本輸入120W,可拆成四相各30W,由於每一相的負載較低,比較容易保持供電的穩定度。</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;">一般說來分相愈多,電源的環境就愈好,但這並非絕對,設計功力還是最重要的。而要看分幾相,可以數一下電容或電感的個數,電容數除二或電感個數通常就是相數,但這只是「通常」,依然不是絕對,照片中的主機板是四相電源。</span></div>
</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>2.記憶體插槽 (DRAM Slot) </b></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FUag_mSrhNg/T_-CtBbKk4I/AAAAAAAAD9c/g-W1DTLqwJw/s1600/mb005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FUag_mSrhNg/T_-CtBbKk4I/AAAAAAAAD9c/g-W1DTLqwJw/s320/mb005.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">長條狀的插槽就是插記憶體用的,一般主機板會有2-4條,或更多,緊鄰著CPU和北橋晶片。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" style="background-color: white;">雙通道</a>技術,用顏色來區分同組的記憶體,讓記憶體發揮更佳的速度,故須使用二條(一組)或四條的記憶體(同規格、容量、甚至相同批號等)。</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> 3.北橋晶片 (Northbridge)</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j89ZC_7O-3w/T_-Ct5b8smI/AAAAAAAAD9g/Q-CchHxRzKM/s1600/mb006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j89ZC_7O-3w/T_-Ct5b8smI/AAAAAAAAD9g/Q-CchHxRzKM/s320/mb006.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">散熱器後的北橋就和CPU一樣,都是一顆晶片。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
北橋是主機板上最重要的晶片,負責連接CPU、記憶體和顯示卡,通常中階以上的主機板都會在北橋上裝散熱片或風扇,因為它就像CPU一樣會發熱。 <br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<strong style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">4.南橋晶片 (Southbridge)</span></strong>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jEYqvI1ffqU/T_-CuhXLAJI/AAAAAAAAD9o/PTycEDn1dUg/s1600/mb007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jEYqvI1ffqU/T_-CuhXLAJI/AAAAAAAAD9o/PTycEDn1dUg/s320/mb007.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">它也是一顆晶片,看起來好像比北橋還大些,只是晶片製程和封裝的型式不同。<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">南橋是主機板上的第二主要晶片,和北橋互連並連接其他週邊,我們熟知的主機板「功能」大多來自南橋,比如USB、網路、音效、SATA/IDE硬碟,都是從南橋連出來的。</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RDgu2uc2caw/T_-CvNkzfiI/AAAAAAAAD9w/_04EBAojRv8/s1600/mb008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RDgu2uc2caw/T_-CvNkzfiI/AAAAAAAAD9w/_04EBAojRv8/s320/mb008.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">主機板為了差異化,將許多晶片及電感等加上散熱片及熱導管,以利散熱 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>5.擴充卡插槽 (Expansion Card Slot) </b></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BmW2KHxoqyM/T_-CvrUsO1I/AAAAAAAAD-A/f1SJyyPGUrM/s1600/mb009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BmW2KHxoqyM/T_-CvrUsO1I/AAAAAAAAD-A/f1SJyyPGUrM/s320/mb009.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PCI-EXPRESS插糟(黃及右邊的白色)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;">雖然某些主機板已經內建了「所有」必要的東西,比如網路、音效、甚至顯示晶片 , 但還是有擴充的需求,這些插槽就是拿來裝別的卡,比如插上電視卡看電視(第四台、錄影等),或是插無線網卡,讓桌上型電腦也能無線化。而最常見的,就是顯示卡。</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZwwNmVZcm4/T_-CxHnPmGI/AAAAAAAAD-E/4sqhsz1m7Ig/s1600/mb010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZwwNmVZcm4/T_-CxHnPmGI/AAAAAAAAD-E/4sqhsz1m7Ig/s320/mb010.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">使用PCI-E的顯示卡(Nvidia860GTS)及PCI</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>6.硬碟/光碟機插槽 (IDE、SATA)</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P0NLBZ9dUow/T_-CxioYW3I/AAAAAAAAD-M/3JOiZLLri0Q/s1600/mb011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P0NLBZ9dUow/T_-CxioYW3I/AAAAAAAAD-M/3JOiZLLri0Q/s320/mb011.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">藍、紫色是SATA、黃色是IDE介面</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">藍色小插槽和黃色長一堆針的,都是連接硬碟或光碟機用的,藍色的是SATA、黃色的是IDE (或稱 PATA),現在IDE可說是上代產物,現在硬碟機或光碟機幾乎全面轉換到SATA。左邊那堆黃綠紅的小針腳是連接機殼用的,比如機殼上的USB、電源鍵、燈號等等,這部分的安裝通常要參考主機板說明書,每一張主機板的針腳並不固定。</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tAthfbYtq8E/T_-CyU-bBhI/AAAAAAAAD-U/9IgTFMhpaks/s1600/mb012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tAthfbYtq8E/T_-CyU-bBhI/AAAAAAAAD-U/9IgTFMhpaks/s320/mb012.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">SATA(窄)和IDE(寬)排線,很明顯看的出來SATA插拔較為方便 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>7.整合週邊 (Integrated Peripherals)</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zvy6DdtMe1M/T_-CzS8fnZI/AAAAAAAAD-Y/C_isqj78c9Y/s1600/mb013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="112" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zvy6DdtMe1M/T_-CzS8fnZI/AAAAAAAAD-Y/C_isqj78c9Y/s320/mb013.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">主機的背板</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">這些主機板本身功能的輸出輸入口。USB和網路插孔應該認得出來,右邊六個洞是音訊輸出和輸入,左邊兩個圓的是PS/2,插舊型的鍵盤和滑鼠,其他光纖輸出 (音訊) 、eSATA (外接硬碟)、IEEE 1394 (週邊) 的位置如圖所示。</span>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> 8.BIOS(基本輸出輸入)</span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1sTpiVOFIFs/T_-Cz4AvdAI/AAAAAAAAD-g/vLrzS2xr_u8/s1600/mb014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1sTpiVOFIFs/T_-Cz4AvdAI/AAAAAAAAD-g/vLrzS2xr_u8/s320/mb014.jpg" width="230" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">這顆電池,是用來提供BIOS儲存設定和時間,即使電源拔掉,資料也可以保留一段時間 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8-akVYcUed8/T_-C0iAUBOI/AAAAAAAAD-s/h_A_ZDqaVJw/s1600/mb015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8-akVYcUed8/T_-C0iAUBOI/AAAAAAAAD-s/h_A_ZDqaVJw/s320/mb015.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">黃圈圈為主機板的BIOS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="color: black;">BIOS</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">(Basic Input/Output System)</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">是主機板內建的「軟件」,用來辨識或檢測連接至主機板上的周邊及設定之後再交給作業系統啟動;BIOS軟體通常放在一個很小的Flash ROM儲存裝置 (可以刷BIOS更新內容),照片中貼著綠色貼紙的就是。</span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M_Si493W50Y/T_-C1cbYZhI/AAAAAAAAD-4/hzPzqOKZphM/s1600/mb016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M_Si493W50Y/T_-C1cbYZhI/AAAAAAAAD-4/hzPzqOKZphM/s320/mb016.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jHKEXGQCdB0/T_-C2xuJAKI/AAAAAAAAD-8/zKGvyA6gg4k/s1600/mb017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jHKEXGQCdB0/T_-C2xuJAKI/AAAAAAAAD-8/zKGvyA6gg4k/s320/mb017.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">電腦開機時可能會顯示這樣的圖形或文字,通常一閃而過,但一定會顯示按什麼鍵可以進入BIOS設定,一般是按DEL、F1或是按「Pause」鍵停住來看使用什麼鍵來進入BIOS。</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--oJjKBSjNW4/T_-C3Sw9L6I/AAAAAAAAD_E/2HMnQXFmV70/s1600/mb018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--oJjKBSjNW4/T_-C3Sw9L6I/AAAAAAAAD_E/2HMnQXFmV70/s320/mb018.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">這是最常見的BIOS畫面,除了基本的設定外,最重要功能已經變成是超頻,也是各家主機板廠差異的主要部分。</span>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>9.電源輸入 (ATX Power Connector)</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T_RVEotUFC8/T_-C31LDqfI/AAAAAAAAD_M/9oPP9wnWOxY/s1600/mb019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T_RVEotUFC8/T_-C31LDqfI/AAAAAAAAD_M/9oPP9wnWOxY/s320/mb019.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
南北橋要用電、記憶體要用電、顯示卡要用電(有另外接的),就連USB也要用電 ,而電就從這個20或20+4 針 (pin) 的電源插座進來,供電給整張主機板。這插槽是給變壓器插的地方,就像主機板其他有電源輸入的地方一樣,旁邊一定有電容排排站。<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>主機板基本架構</b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
看完這一堆,其實上面所有的東西可以簡單的分割成三大部分,主機板就是由「CPU」、「北橋」和「南橋」組合而成,其中南北橋晶片合稱「晶片組」(Chipset)。只要把CPU想成大腦,晶片組的北橋和南橋則是脊椎的兩個部分,一切就不難理解了。<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b4Z1JkN9GII/T_-C4iLcU7I/AAAAAAAAD_Q/dH6mA089omk/s1600/mb020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b4Z1JkN9GII/T_-C4iLcU7I/AAAAAAAAD_Q/dH6mA089omk/s320/mb020.jpg" width="268" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">把CPU裝上主機板,並把南北橋的散熱器拔掉,可看到晶片。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pCY8bXhepb4/T_-C5Mr08GI/AAAAAAAAD_c/iXQnPGYisr4/s1600/mb021.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pCY8bXhepb4/T_-C5Mr08GI/AAAAAAAAD_c/iXQnPGYisr4/s320/mb021.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
標上框線和箭頭,應該清楚多了。這就是一個「平台」的架構圖,會叫北橋和南橋,是因為畫這種架構圖時,北橋都會在上面,南橋在下面。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
以最快的方法解釋:北橋連接高速週邊,傳輸速度以每秒數GB來計算的,比如CPU(8~10 GB/s)、記憶體(8~10 GB/s)、顯示卡(8 GB/s);而南橋連接慢速週邊,傳輸速度以每秒數MB來計算,比如硬碟(375 MB/s)、USB(60 MB/s)、PCI(133 MB/s)、網路、音效等等。換句話說,北橋直接影響電腦的「效能」,南橋決定電腦的「功能」。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
所以,當你從USB隨身碟讀一個資料,資料就從 USB → 南橋 → 北橋 → 記憶體 → CPU。</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
而連接北橋和南橋之間的通道,則依晶片組廠商的設計而不同,Intel過去是用專屬的Hub Link,新的晶片組則用標準化的PCI-Express,至於NVIDIA和AMD則習慣用HyperTransport。<br />
<br />
由於北橋最重要的就是記憶體控制器,有時也叫Memory Controller Hub,南橋是各式輸出入週邊,所以也叫I/O Controller Hub,你想用英文我不反對,但我自己是習慣南北橋的稱呼啦!<br />
<br />
註:MB是MegaByte,GB則是GigaByte=1024 MB。<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">結語</span></b><br />
<br />
雖然一般主機板通常會有南北橋,但沒有規定說這兩顆晶片不能放在一起變一顆,尤其AMD的CPU都內建記憶體控制器,把北橋最重要的功能轉移到CPU內,北橋可以變南橋,橫跨世代完全利用。<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">
<div style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">本圖文原轉自:</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px;">
<a href="http://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=488&t=360184&p=1">http://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=488&t=360184&p=1</a>
</div>
<div>
修編</div>
<div style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">如引有不妥煩請來信告知,感激不盡!</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
by necos.s</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-824506459210153392012-07-12T08:43:00.002+08:002012-07-12T08:43:56.334+08:00電腦基礎-查詢瀏覽檔案記錄我們在使用「檔案總管」時在曾經開啟過的目錄、檔案,多數都是以Explorer去開啟,而他曾經使用過的紀錄會留在「Internet Explorer」裡面(歷程記錄),所以我們可以透過「IE」去查詢曾經開啟或瀏覽過的紀錄。<div>
<a name='more'></a><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kpFgeLsjkmE/T_4UNAeHyiI/AAAAAAAAD8o/EZqFOfG-Ls4/s1600/2012-7-12+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-00-04.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kpFgeLsjkmE/T_4UNAeHyiI/AAAAAAAAD8o/EZqFOfG-Ls4/s320/2012-7-12+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-00-04.png" width="166" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">透過IE瀏覽器可以查看之前瀏覽過的檔案紀錄</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
當然也可以清除!(可以使用IE本身內建的設定進行清理)<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P2DFk1CAEhY/T_4c9-6u1mI/AAAAAAAAD80/Tr4uQ8k2Wbg/s1600/2012-7-12+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-04-27.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P2DFk1CAEhY/T_4c9-6u1mI/AAAAAAAAD80/Tr4uQ8k2Wbg/s320/2012-7-12+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+08-04-27.png" width="316" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">利用Ccleaner可以進行資料記錄的清理</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
凡走過必留下痕跡,上過的網站或開啟過的資料都會留下紀錄。<br />
當覺得資料都已丟入資源回收桶並清除掉後,仍可以找到記錄,只是完整性是否良好。<br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-67629642917339467942012-07-11T15:49:00.004+08:002012-07-11T15:52:19.680+08:00電腦基礎-虛擬記憶體<b id="internal-source-marker_0.7886004936881363" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 171px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">過去電腦記憶體(RAM)較今昂貴,會以硬碟空間來模擬記憶體進行擴充;而今記憶體已日趨便宜,但作業系統上的架構仍承襲過去(已有改進),並保有虛擬記憶體功能,而記憶體速度、大小與系統及程式上仍息息相關。</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 171px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 171px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">故虛擬記憶體的調整,與系統及程式等運作速度均有直接關聯。</span></b><br />
<br />
瞭解一下電腦的記憶體(RAM)大小:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4zk1-cJvynA/T_0svWE_SmI/AAAAAAAAD8c/6gq6cXCPxDo/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-11-25.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4zk1-cJvynA/T_0svWE_SmI/AAAAAAAAD8c/6gq6cXCPxDo/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-11-25.png" width="219" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">在「我的電腦」點選滑鼠右鍵選擇「內容」</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4QLyFDJVI4o/T_0sc08Jy-I/AAAAAAAAD78/p-1PJYgD_-E/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-22-29.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4QLyFDJVI4o/T_0sc08Jy-I/AAAAAAAAD78/p-1PJYgD_-E/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-22-29.png" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">由內容可知大約記憶體容量為(RAM)1.98GB大小(大概是2G左右)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
看一下工作管理員(Ctrl+Alt+Delete):</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1RYn5zEnwLY/T_0scW8O0CI/AAAAAAAAD70/03DgUTeA1G4/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-22-00.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1RYn5zEnwLY/T_0scW8O0CI/AAAAAAAAD70/03DgUTeA1G4/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-22-00.png" width="304" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">已經使用掉2.2GB的記憶體了,而「實體記憶體」+「虛擬記憶體」約4G左右</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
調整「虛擬記憶體」的方式:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgjj8j9sVU4/T_0sdZfvWcI/AAAAAAAAD8E/oXmOkqM3428/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgjj8j9sVU4/T_0sdZfvWcI/AAAAAAAAD8E/oXmOkqM3428/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-10.png" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">在「系統內容」點選「進階」,再點「設定」</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZUKhuIa7xY/T_0sdnMiwUI/AAAAAAAAD8M/jqTfHW2yajk/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-24.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZUKhuIa7xY/T_0sdnMiwUI/AAAAAAAAD8M/jqTfHW2yajk/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-24.png" width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">進入效能選項,再選「進階」,選「變更」</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hkxnT1gKqYE/T_0seMrt9aI/AAAAAAAAD8U/v-6fn4_rAcs/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-34.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hkxnT1gKqYE/T_0seMrt9aI/AAAAAAAAD8U/v-6fn4_rAcs/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-23-34.png" width="270" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">一般都是使用系統管理大小的設定</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
一般而言,都是開啟虛擬記憶體,以便於開啟多個應用程式、網頁時不會造成系統停頓或當機,而筆者使用SSD也是一樣開啟虛擬記憶體功能(有人建議關閉,以增加SSD壽命),也曾試過關閉該功能而造成系統的不穩定;或許是因為記憶體(RAM)不夠的關係。<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-77219350722885695762012-07-11T12:00:00.002+08:002012-07-11T15:21:59.014+08:00INTERNET應用(9)-網路購物、拍賣<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">網路拍賣(網拍)有幾項優勢:</span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">近年來除了電視購物盛行外,網拍亦為許多買、賣交易之方式;賣家除了可以減少人事、店面等成本外,亦可提供遠地區、信用卡等方式作為交易。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">買家亦可利用其網路拍賣進行比價,減少花費,節省開支。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">另應注意,網路詐騙案件仍層出不窮(明明已完成付款,但又來電重新支付等),應在購買前選擇有信用之賣家(評價較優),並詳問清楚(有問與答),以減少不必要紛爭。</span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tmwFVWNP-qU/T_z5AAUCU8I/AAAAAAAAD7M/QO8d-EN8Fws/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-54-13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="189" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tmwFVWNP-qU/T_z5AAUCU8I/AAAAAAAAD7M/QO8d-EN8Fws/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-54-13.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">原拍賣係以「二手」商品為主,但現今多以新品為多。<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jwDCOYu0WMM/T_z6Pa5W02I/AAAAAAAAD7c/W-bIbMqlaNo/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-56-26.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jwDCOYu0WMM/T_z6Pa5W02I/AAAAAAAAD7c/W-bIbMqlaNo/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-56-26.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jwDCOYu0WMM/T_z6Pa5W02I/AAAAAAAAD7c/W-bIbMqlaNo/s1600/2012-7-11+%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588+11-56-26.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jwDCOYu0WMM/T_z6Pa5W02I/AAAAAAAAD7c/W-bIbMqlaNo/s320/2012-7-11+%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588+11-56-26.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">另一知拍賣網站
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
雖然現在有「貨到付款」機制(較為安全),但仍注意賣家評價。<br />
<br />
當然如果是賣家,也要注意一些事項:<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;">※拍賣之物品具獨特性或稀有性。</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
※拍賣物品的貨源充足及具穩定可靠。(含還換貨機制)</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
※拍賣物品具低價性。</div>
<br />
※<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left;">保固及服務等。</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AUnKqLaQRqA/T_0pfC2E9VI/AAAAAAAAD7o/7_fkbU5pOKI/s1600/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-20-53.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AUnKqLaQRqA/T_0pfC2E9VI/AAAAAAAAD7o/7_fkbU5pOKI/s320/2012-7-11+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-20-53.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">購物中心網站</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">by necos.s</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-28186307485595279682012-07-10T10:04:00.001+08:002012-07-10T13:37:30.318+08:00EXCEL簡介及運用(16)-if判斷式2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
excel裡面的函數沒有像程式設計一樣的語法使用,可使用select case的功能進行多條件的過濾,於是我們只能使用多個「if」來進行多個條件過濾。</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a>建議先繪製一個流程圖,如此一來比較方便運用函數撰寫。如此一來可以進行三分方式,甚至可以四分哦!<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RGK8ZnQk4ko/T_uM1h-e-kI/AAAAAAAAD60/1tfLosYQfyg/s1600/2012-7-10+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-51-20.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="202" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RGK8ZnQk4ko/T_uM1h-e-kI/AAAAAAAAD60/1tfLosYQfyg/s320/2012-7-10+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-51-20.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">先寫一個簡單的判斷式,所以依上所述需要二個「IF」來進行。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XAq-mE1RHeg/T_uJx1pfZ2I/AAAAAAAAD6o/hDKZt8XrLCA/s1600/2009-7-22%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252009-55-54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="292" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XAq-mE1RHeg/T_uJx1pfZ2I/AAAAAAAAD6o/hDKZt8XrLCA/s320/2009-7-22%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252009-55-54.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">實作情形</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
先寫綠色的部份,寫完後,再寫紅色的部份…<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
1、=<span style="color: #274e13;">IF(O2<1,"PASS","補考")</span></div>
<div>
2、=<span style="color: red;">IF(O2>=3,"留級"</span>,<span style="color: #38761d;">IF(O2<1,"PASS","補考")</span><span style="color: red;">)</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LenH-CWFiB0/T_u_fJ_O1KI/AAAAAAAAD7A/7rD8RRJsGQQ/s1600/2012-7-10+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-33-25.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="168" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LenH-CWFiB0/T_u_fJ_O1KI/AAAAAAAAD7A/7rD8RRJsGQQ/s320/2012-7-10+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-33-25.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">再搭配條件化格式,結果會更佳清楚</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /><br /><b>練習一下:<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/exceljianjiejiyunyong13-ifpanduanshi2/%E7%B7%B4%E7%BF%927.xls?attredirects=0&d=1" type="button">練習題</a></b><br />
<br />
by necos.s<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-52588260954071559612012-07-10T09:41:00.000+08:002012-07-10T09:46:34.832+08:00EXCEL簡介及運用(15)-countif有條件的統計儲存格數<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div>
我們有時會以一個標準備一個量值去進行統計,例如:同學1考了10科,他的成績有幾科是及格的?(及格分數為:60)<span style="background-color: white;">那麼就可以使用「countif」函數來進行條件統計。</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="background-color: white;">其內容為:</span></div>
Countif(<span style="color: red;">儲存格範圍</span>,<span style="color: blue;">條件</span>),其與「count」不同的是:「countif」是統計範圍內符合「條件」的儲存格。<br />
<br />
統計儲存格範圍中「<span style="color: red;">大於10</span>」的儲存格數量,一共有…<br />
<div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lUTnP8IkGiY/T_uHKxl-l9I/AAAAAAAAD6c/35KofA2dRW4/s1600/2009-8-11%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252007-41-14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lUTnP8IkGiY/T_uHKxl-l9I/AAAAAAAAD6c/35KofA2dRW4/s320/2009-8-11%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252007-41-14.png" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">其儲存格範圍為:「C2:D11」內大於10的數量有多少?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
註:大於要以<span style="color: red;">">10"</span>表示,不然會找無符合的資料內容。<br />
<div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>練習一下:<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/necostw/excel-jiao-xue/exceljianjiejiyunyong18-countifyoutiaojiandetongjichucungeshu/%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%BC10%E7%9A%84%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98%E6%A0%BC%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F.xls?attredirects=0&d=1">練習檔</a></b></div>
<div>
<br />
by necos.s</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-78250253744853262532012-07-05T10:44:00.000+08:002012-07-05T10:44:33.969+08:00多媒體資訊(3)-圖片我們常用的數位相片格式、檔案多為jpeg、jpg為最多。<br />
而JPEG的壓縮方式通常是「破壞性資料壓縮」(意即在壓縮過程中圖像的品質會遭受到可見的破壞)。<br />
詳見:<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG">WIKI JPEG</a><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-84713498070747785712012-07-03T14:39:00.001+08:002012-07-11T11:44:07.061+08:00INTERNET初階應用(5)-網路、搜尋技巧現在多除了IE(internet explorer)外,網路瀏覽器目前以chrome取得世界領先。不過在台灣的市佔率仍是以IE較多,其因部份功能需透由IE始能執行,如透過晶片卡(自然人憑證、提款卡)使用網路(IE)進行轉帳及查詢等。多係透過其外掛元件<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveX">ActiveX</a>(控制項)進行資料上的驗證,但是在其他的瀏覽器(例FIREFOX、CHROME等)上伺服器並完全未支援。<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PIqU_kYf7kY/T_KQORSR9HI/AAAAAAAAD50/zbaWcww5KtU/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-55-13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PIqU_kYf7kY/T_KQORSR9HI/AAAAAAAAD50/zbaWcww5KtU/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-55-13.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2012年台灣主要瀏覽器使用狀況</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E0TdttJOf8A/T_KQO9leXxI/AAAAAAAAD58/qBho0pcuTIk/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-56-30.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="223" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E0TdttJOf8A/T_KQO9leXxI/AAAAAAAAD58/qBho0pcuTIk/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-56-30.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">全世界主要瀏覽器使用狀況</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://gs.statcounter.com/">瀏覽器市佔率查詢</a><br />
<br />
CHROME的使用方式與其他瀏覽器更快速,且可以直接在「網址列」直接搜尋(其結果預設為Google的搜尋結果);當然,他也針對目前<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">java script</a>的運作下了許多功夫,以加快使用者在跑JS網頁的速度。<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/---N9nKjM8xg/T_KQNtHSRwI/AAAAAAAAD5s/PaIQgchoDaI/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-47-14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/---N9nKjM8xg/T_KQNtHSRwI/AAAAAAAAD5s/PaIQgchoDaI/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-47-14.png" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">打入文字後,會顯示相關類別的文字,並留存記錄</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jVM4cgQ96JQ/T_KQM8tcbXI/AAAAAAAAD5o/wl3spiwo7jg/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-45-27.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jVM4cgQ96JQ/T_KQM8tcbXI/AAAAAAAAD5o/wl3spiwo7jg/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+01-45-27.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">搜尋後可利用左下角進行篩選(時間等)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
搜尋小技巧:搜尋時可利用”來強制搜尋所要的資料,例:”黑桃二” “程式碼”來進行搜尋;此時搜尋網站會完全依賦予之名稱進行「完整」的搜尋,而不會把字串拆散搜尋(以提高搜尋準確性)。<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLadcI_v3gY/T_KWJ8aSWvI/AAAAAAAAD6Q/64B1iJuS7eo/s1600/001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLadcI_v3gY/T_KWJ8aSWvI/AAAAAAAAD6Q/64B1iJuS7eo/s320/001.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
其實,現在google的搜尋結果多半已很接近大眾常用的字詞,所以很少以此方式進行搜尋。<br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-5188949823577898962012-07-03T09:37:00.000+08:002012-07-04T14:24:31.961+08:00INTERNET應用(8)-部落格微網誌<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">blog部落格:原意為board log公佈欄的紀錄;可作為個人生活、相片、工作、文件等紀錄之網頁,提供他人或自己閱覽,瀏覽人員可進行留言;其好處是為:有網際網路均可至其網站瀏覽。</span>(維基為<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog">Web Log</a>的混成詞)<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rPgqDNRmNnE/T_JGtDb6RkI/AAAAAAAAD44/FUlEgoAeTAw/s1600/2009-6-30%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252010-25-45.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="193" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rPgqDNRmNnE/T_JGtDb6RkI/AAAAAAAAD44/FUlEgoAeTAw/s320/2009-6-30%2520%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%2588%252010-25-45.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">圖片併茂,如看圖說故事,讓人閱讀更加方便。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="text-align: center;">瀏覽人數增加時,甚至會成為廠商或廣告商的代言網站(或邀稿等),部落客也可以利用瀏覽的人氣來賺取廣告收益。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">部份用戶以開箱或使者經驗來提供其他消費者使用的心得,但曾有發生不實、誇張等宣傳說明,肇使部落客遭致檢舉甚吃上官司。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">另轉載時應示明出處,並告知原著作者,允其同意後才行引用,免得遭致侵權事件發生。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
像微博客、Twitter、Plurk等屬「微網誌」,雖不及網誌那樣完整,使用一篇文章來介紹或說明,可能只有一句話或一張照片及簡短的述敘分享;而在微網誌中(例:plurk)另設有互動式機器人(提供API予程設師開發例:<a href="http://www.plurk.com/necostw">尼可噗</a>),以增加使用者在使用時的互動趣味。
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">近年來「<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook">臉書</a>」(</span>社群網路服務網站)因使用方便,且可介由(手機)簡單的文字或圖片、影音等即使分享,而掀起一陣社群大戰。<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ca1nTKQow8c/T_JPd7B5svI/AAAAAAAAD5E/bRMT1rmLDKg/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-48-23.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ca1nTKQow8c/T_JPd7B5svI/AAAAAAAAD5E/bRMT1rmLDKg/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-48-23.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">會依關鍵字進行回復的噗浪機器人</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">現今(2012),以<a href="http://zh-tw.facebook.com/">facebook</a>及<a href="https://plus.google.com/up/start/?continue=https://plus.google.com/&type=st&gpcaz=934484a6">google+</a>二大陣營在進行對抗,而google+則以強調個人資料安全性及簡易操作為主,擺脫複雜的操作方式;而臉書以先進入社群服務優勢,其雙方何者最後勝出,則就交由網友們決定囉…</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s7hRxti4Smg/T_JRsCnVyDI/AAAAAAAAD5Q/hDxMnI9FOU0/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-57-48.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="163" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s7hRxti4Smg/T_JRsCnVyDI/AAAAAAAAD5Q/hDxMnI9FOU0/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-57-48.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">google plus 登入畫面</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mId0yV_teBE/T_JRzgttvwI/AAAAAAAAD5c/ZZZpsRDYr0Q/s1600/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-58-06.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="163" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mId0yV_teBE/T_JRzgttvwI/AAAAAAAAD5c/ZZZpsRDYr0Q/s320/2012-7-3+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-58-06.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">facebook 登入畫面</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-80797534686483674832012-06-28T12:27:00.000+08:002012-06-28T14:30:25.074+08:00多媒體資訊(3)-光碟媒體<b id="internal-source-marker_0.43928849697113037" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">數位光碟:</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">現目前市面多以:</span></b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CD、DVD、BD為最常見。</span></b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">相關規格:</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CD=650MB-720MB,讀取速度:單位為150Kbit/s(一倍速)52x</span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DVD數位影音光碟=4.3GB(單面單層),讀取速度:單位為1.35Mbit/s(一倍速)16x</span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">BD藍光光碟=25GB(單面單層),讀取速度:單位為</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">36Mbit/s</span><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(一倍速)</span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br />簡單說:<br /><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DVD現市面較多的為DVD-5的規格,其容量為4.7G(單面單層)以存放資料較多;</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">而DVD-9</span></b><b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(8.5G)</span></b><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">規格</span></b><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">現多用於多用於影片、遊戲上。</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DVD中又區分DVD-R(先鋒主導等</span></b><b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1997年</span></b><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)、DVD+R(SONY等主導2001年)。</span></b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 156px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xpiFW10fXTo/T-vSbkOfqOI/AAAAAAAAD4c/1Ndhx_4hSzQ/s1600/2012-6-28+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-28-25.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="196" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xpiFW10fXTo/T-vSbkOfqOI/AAAAAAAAD4c/1Ndhx_4hSzQ/s320/2012-6-28+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+11-28-25.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">DVD+R DL 容量為8.4G</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5aT9BJd3i0s/T-vScpZ2BMI/AAAAAAAAD4o/xqrQRa0e4fc/s1600/DVD-R__75723.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5aT9BJd3i0s/T-vScpZ2BMI/AAAAAAAAD4o/xqrQRa0e4fc/s320/DVD-R__75723.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">DVD-R燒錄片容量為4.7G</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zZ3YBZu7yHI/T-vScKdeoRI/AAAAAAAAD4g/sDzIq8dwqs8/s1600/CDDVDBRAY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zZ3YBZu7yHI/T-vScKdeoRI/AAAAAAAAD4g/sDzIq8dwqs8/s320/CDDVDBRAY.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">CD 、DVD、BD比較圖</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b id="internal-source-marker_0.43928849697113037" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 379px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DVD-R較能相容舊式主機,而DVD+R為較新技術,故有時會發生挑片的情形;另DVD+R具DL(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Double Layer)故具有DVD9及DVD10的新規格技術,而DVD-R無DVD9等格式。</span></b>
<br />
<div style="text-indent: 379px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
參考資料:<br />
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD">維基百科-CD</a><br />
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD">維基百科-DVD</a>
<br />
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F">維基百科-BD</a><br />
<br />
by necos.sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-73698279295553406392012-06-27T10:00:00.000+08:002012-06-27T10:00:11.448+08:00電腦基礎-資料夾設定妥善的整理及有效的分類文件及目錄,會讓使用者操作及尋找時更加的方便迅速。<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NoiG3_-ywS0/T-PYGX7VVmI/AAAAAAAAD1Q/K3HXyNDpwJo/s1600/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-42-56.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NoiG3_-ywS0/T-PYGX7VVmI/AAAAAAAAD1Q/K3HXyNDpwJo/s320/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+09-42-56.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">利用名稱類別來分類檔案,以利爾後的操作及使用。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
就以c糟(系統)碟為例,我們會常常使用一些應用程式,但又不想安裝,怕會破壞到系統,所以我們在c糟(根目錄)下新增一個目錄來放置那些綠色(免安裝)的軟體。<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eVmeP0Idp1A/T-Pd2yhRGEI/AAAAAAAAD1c/0A4Wxfus59E/s1600/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-38-28.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="189" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eVmeP0Idp1A/T-Pd2yhRGEI/AAAAAAAAD1c/0A4Wxfus59E/s320/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88+10-38-28.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">滑鼠在空白處點選右鍵,選新增,再選資料夾。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
按「f2」更改名稱;更改完後按著<span style="color: red;">「alt」加滑鼠左鍵</span>會出現內容,此時可以改名稱,及更換圖示。<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ZylKjfIeDY/T-Pm35cqr2I/AAAAAAAAD1o/GIYsx0jpyv8/s1600/001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ZylKjfIeDY/T-Pm35cqr2I/AAAAAAAAD1o/GIYsx0jpyv8/s320/001.png" width="259" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dWzwzaguAdI/T-Pm4oIZlII/AAAAAAAAD1s/V7ZuF646veg/s1600/002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dWzwzaguAdI/T-Pm4oIZlII/AAAAAAAAD1s/V7ZuF646veg/s320/002.png" width="259" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">換個圖示吧</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;">到</span><a href="http://www.iconfinder.com/">iconfinder</a><span style="background-color: white;">去看看有什麼好看又美觀的圖示…</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eDyvzH0Dt18/T-PrqKoS-NI/AAAAAAAAD18/rvOb1aAVNlc/s1600/003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eDyvzH0Dt18/T-PrqKoS-NI/AAAAAAAAD18/rvOb1aAVNlc/s320/003.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">紅框裡輸入的只能用「英文」…@@</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B6loiCZI2CA/T-Prq2bYQfI/AAAAAAAAD2E/H--DzXFsqaU/s1600/004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B6loiCZI2CA/T-Prq2bYQfI/AAAAAAAAD2E/H--DzXFsqaU/s320/004.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">點ico進行下載(記得要看到有圖示,因為不見得每個icon檔都可以下載到)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ybRKyvGL3nA/T-P1SkAxxjI/AAAAAAAAD2Q/GTAvjIkoW58/s1600/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+12-31-04.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="234" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ybRKyvGL3nA/T-P1SkAxxjI/AAAAAAAAD2Q/GTAvjIkoW58/s320/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+12-31-04.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">選擇完後按開啟</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;">圖示改變完後,以後應該會比較好認了…</span></div>
<div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TZEJAehWTNU/T-P2FlY8KgI/AAAAAAAAD2c/vIfVlR-6xQg/s1600/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+12-34-40.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="179" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TZEJAehWTNU/T-P2FlY8KgI/AAAAAAAAD2c/vIfVlR-6xQg/s320/2012-6-22+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+12-34-40.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">把常用的綠色軟體拖進去吧,再把捷徑拉到桌面上</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br />
在Google裡搜尋常用工具的「綠色版」或「免安裝版」,如此一來未來在重灌系統時,可以先將常用工具移到別顆硬碟,俟系統重灌完畢後,再移回系統糟。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-89456670687942520222012-06-26T14:41:00.000+08:002012-06-26T15:30:43.368+08:00EXCEL簡介及運用(15)-邏輯匣有時我們在撰寫函數時,需要多到個判斷式,此時可以選擇「AND」或「OR」來增加額外的條件,使「IF」的功能更加好用。<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>AND和OR得出來的東西為<span style="color: red;">布林代數</span>,就是只有「是」(TRUE)或「否」(FALSE)二者之一,而不是數值。</b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PSbZKlTTD-E/T-lYeh9gqmI/AAAAAAAAD3o/pmUQLy3jRWw/s1600/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+02-16-01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PSbZKlTTD-E/T-lYeh9gqmI/AAAAAAAAD3o/pmUQLy3jRWw/s320/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+02-16-01.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A、B、C值AND及OR得出的結果
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><div>
「或、OR」值,=OR(判斷式1,判斷式2,…)其內之一個判斷式只要一個為真,其結果值均為真(TRUE)。</div>
<div>
範例:用以下圖表讓我們來看看25-29日是否曾經花費超過350(元)?</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
函數:</div>
<div>
=OR(A2>350,B2>350,C2>350,D2>350,E2>350)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kgzOitdk44w/T-lkGOY5p1I/AAAAAAAAD4Q/hRS3e_S6n7I/s1600/001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="105" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kgzOitdk44w/T-lkGOY5p1I/AAAAAAAAD4Q/hRS3e_S6n7I/s320/001.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: medium;">
當然有囉,26日那天花了「400」當然是超過350元囉,結果是TRUE(是)</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
「和、AND」值,=AND(判斷式1,判斷式2,判斷式3,…)須全部為真(正確),其值才能為真(TRUE),否則均為(FALSE)<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
範例:我要買一個70-90元的便當<br /><br />
<span style="color: red;">條件為:>=70和<=90,這二個條件必需成立。</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gt2Qit35MCI/T-ldzrGcTHI/AAAAAAAAD30/YTFoal5nTNA/s1600/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+02-58-12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gt2Qit35MCI/T-ldzrGcTHI/AAAAAAAAD30/YTFoal5nTNA/s320/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+02-58-12.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">因為必須為同時成立,所以要用AND</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
因為100塊,雖然條件1(>=70)已達成了,但是條件2(<=100)卻沒達到,所以結果是FALSE(否、布林值)<br />
<br />
搭配「IF」函數在外面:<br />
<span style="background-color: white;">=IF(AND(H12>=70,H12<=90),"買","不買")</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5NPj1O7O_mA/T-ljElrGgHI/AAAAAAAAD4A/slnt9IUzoCM/s1600/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-16-39.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="184" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5NPj1O7O_mA/T-ljElrGgHI/AAAAAAAAD4A/slnt9IUzoCM/s320/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-16-39.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">100時為「不買」</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lLwCCxWJGmk/T-ljFR0TejI/AAAAAAAAD4E/6Hziicd5v4I/s1600/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-21-35.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lLwCCxWJGmk/T-ljFR0TejI/AAAAAAAAD4E/6Hziicd5v4I/s320/2012-6-26+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88+03-21-35.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">80為70-90之間,二個條件都成立</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-63099344607281687502012-06-26T10:22:00.001+08:002012-06-26T14:56:29.866+08:00EXCEL簡介及運用(14)-if判斷式IF為函數式的最基礎判斷。<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
其內容為:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
IF(<span style="color: red;">比較或判斷式(布林值)</span>,<span style="color: #e06666;">當為是時</span>,<span style="color: blue;">當為非時</span>)。</div>
<div>
判斷式為是(true)或否(false)則是透由:</div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;">=</span>(等於)、<span style="color: red;"><</span>(小於)、<span style="color: red;"><=</span>(小於等於)、<span style="color: red;">></span>(大於)、<span style="color: red;">>=</span>(大於等於)、<span style="color: red;"><></span>(不等於)等作為判斷用。<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div>
例:<br />
=1=2 嗎?這是錯的,於是結果就會出現「<span style="color: red;">FALSE</span>」=不(布林值)。<br />
=5+3>2+4 嗎?這是對的,於是結果會出現「<span style="color: red;">TRUE</span>」=是(布林值)。<br />
<br />
判斷中,如條件成立,則為顯示true,不成立則為顯示false,以作為判斷的方式。<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
圖下為例一:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-97crSwRPu7E/T-kM2vnhXJI/AAAAAAAAD2s/uuE_v1_GTWM/s1600/2009-7-20%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252009-33-50.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="183" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-97crSwRPu7E/T-kM2vnhXJI/AAAAAAAAD2s/uuE_v1_GTWM/s320/2009-7-20%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252009-33-50.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">檢查「A2」儲存格的數字是不是「等於1」等於的話,顯示「是」,不是則顯示「否」</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
例二:儲存格內的資料互相比較</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SeECxq3UMSU/T-kQsvqtX9I/AAAAAAAAD24/o0AN8nUxsLk/s1600/001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SeECxq3UMSU/T-kQsvqtX9I/AAAAAAAAD24/o0AN8nUxsLk/s1600/001.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">使用儲存格內的值進行比較,故D3或E3比較時即會有是T或否F的結果產生</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;">例三:再搭配之前的格式化條件</span></div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dg8SAZzJR0U/T-kcJRXcgyI/AAAAAAAAD3M/vNTzhIinUGc/s1600/002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="243" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dg8SAZzJR0U/T-kcJRXcgyI/AAAAAAAAD3M/vNTzhIinUGc/s320/002.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">注意:二者的公式有點點不同。</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pSJ88Joco08/T-kcEp5vGrI/AAAAAAAAD3E/peQBotcwrks/s1600/003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="144" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pSJ88Joco08/T-kcEp5vGrI/AAAAAAAAD3E/peQBotcwrks/s320/003.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">AB底下的數值一更動,底圖顏色也會變更</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-74419029874958349022012-06-21T08:16:00.000+08:002012-06-27T10:00:50.218+08:00多媒體資訊(2)-MP4MP4,全稱MPEG-4 Part 14,是一種使用<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a>的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94">多媒體</a>電腦檔案格式,副檔名為.mp4,以儲存<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%A8%8A">數位音訊</a>及<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91">數字視頻</a>為主。<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
MP5為內地(大陸)所稱的播放機器之一,依其編碼的格式就目前而言並非為正式的MP4下款代的版本;雖述明其壓縮較MP3為更佳,但是其失真的狀況較MP3來的更多。(似乎是把mp3位元率kbps降低)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
引用資料:<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP4">MP4維基百科</a></div>
<div>
<br />
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-57737734086687007992012-06-20T21:45:00.001+08:002012-06-27T10:00:36.498+08:00多媒體資訊(1)-MP3<span style="background-color: white;">MP3格式介紹:</span><br />
<br />
音軌(以一般音樂CD)較MP3(以128Kbps)檔大約十倍左右,但因mp3格式已經(有損)壓縮,故所佔用的空間較小。<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
現常見<span style="background-color: white;">MP3規格</span><span style="background-color: white;">有:</span><span style="background-color: white;">佳</span><span style="background-color: white;">320K、</span><span style="background-color: white;">中</span><span style="background-color: white;">192K、</span><span style="background-color: white;">普</span><span style="background-color: white;">128K(bps)等其音質聽起來有差異,且所佔用的容量亦有所不同;一般受限於播放的設備及器材(或一些細微的音質部份及因人而異),建議以128、192Kpbs等檔案格式儲存,以避免過度浪費空間。</span><br />
<br />
以高位元率轉低位元率(320k轉192k)為較佳,如以較低位元率轉高位元率,則有時反而會讓噪音更加明顯。<br />
<br />
位元率:<br />
資料流量 (bitrate) 來測度資料含量,其單位是 kbps (kilo-bits per second,千個位元/每秒)。而使用者可以指定壓縮後的資料流量。譬如指定了 128kbps, MP3 就會將數位音訊壓縮成每秒只有 128 * 1,024 = 131,072 bit 的資料,或者是每秒 16,384 Byte。因此一首 3 分鐘的歌曲,就壓縮成 2,949,120 Byte,大約 2.8MB 的 MP3 檔案。<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b4dgRcqIDuY/T-J79_TrvRI/AAAAAAAAD0s/OUj5Aefu-Os/s1600/320.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b4dgRcqIDuY/T-J79_TrvRI/AAAAAAAAD0s/OUj5Aefu-Os/s320/320.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UlOAgxBjYD4/T-J79Oy61tI/AAAAAAAAD0o/DYF1bmk42Ug/s1600/128.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UlOAgxBjYD4/T-J79Oy61tI/AAAAAAAAD0o/DYF1bmk42Ug/s320/128.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NiNsI6TxblE/T-J7-t5l1_I/AAAAAAAAD00/_UCwbl_--AA/s1600/64.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NiNsI6TxblE/T-J7-t5l1_I/AAAAAAAAD00/_UCwbl_--AA/s320/64.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;">ID3:</span><br />
可以將相關的曲名、演唱者、專輯、音軌數等信息存儲在MP3文件中(歌詞或<span style="background-color: white;">同步</span><span style="background-color: white;">歌詞)。 </span><br />
最為流行的標準標籤格式目前是ID3 ID3v1和ID3v2(ID3v2.3UTF-16及IO<span style="background-color: white;">S8859-1</span><span style="background-color: white;">、</span><span style="background-color: white;">ID3v2.4UTF-8)</span><span style="background-color: white;">標籤,最近的是APEv2標籤。</span><br />
<br />
在CD使用的單位為:<br />
<br />
1411.2 kbit/s — <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6">脈衝編碼調製</a> (PCM) 聲音格式為<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F">光碟</a>(CD)的數字音頻<br />
<br />
<div>
一片光碟約700MB,約可錄製80分鐘的聲音格式。(註一)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">註一:</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">依光碟的規格,黃皮書(註二)規格來看,</span><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">共分為:</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">FORM-1 一個 sector 有 2048 bytes, 有錯誤修正碼 (ECC),為資料性光碟</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;">FORM-2 一個 sector 有 2324 bytes, 無錯誤修正碼 (ECC),為聲音/影片光碟</span></span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">CDROM/XA 即 eXtended Architecture, 是介於黃皮書和 CD-i 之間的格式。 </span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;"> MODE-1 黃皮書的 sectors 規格 </span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;"> MODE-2 可能是 form-1 或 form-2</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">一般資料光碟:74×60×75×2048÷1024÷1024=650.39(MB)</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">光碟容量以74分鐘來計算,每分鐘60秒,每秒讀75個磁區,1KB=1024B,1MB=1024KB。</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">以資料性光碟</span><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">80分鐘來算,</span><br />
<div>
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">80X60X75X2048÷1024=720000KB </span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">以電腦資料算法720000÷1024=703.12(MB)</span><br />
<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">常用算法720000÷1000=720(MB)</span><br />
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; line-height: 22px;">註二:</span></span></div>
CD自1980年誕生以來,衍生各類型的標準規格書,因這些標準規格書封面皆以顏色作為分類,包括了紅、黃、綠、橘、白及藍皮書,此為荷蘭飛利浦公司(PHILIPS)與日本新力(SONY)聯合相關的公司所共同制定的世界標準。<br />
<br />
飛利浦的光碟標準是應用在光碟產業上,因此相關的光碟製造廠包括CD片製造廠及光碟機設備廠等,必須與飛利浦或是SONY公司簽訂授權合約並支付權利金,才可生產CD相關產品。<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span><br />
<br />
by necos.s</div>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2123350594962567503.post-74625777545797556542012-06-20T13:53:00.002+08:002012-06-27T10:01:03.939+08:00EXCEL簡介及運用(13)-驗證資料<span style="background-color: white;">欄位有常常使用之清單或項目名稱時,可使用「驗證」,除了可方便輸入資料(可以下拉式清單),也可進行資料的檢驗,以減少校對的時間。</span><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;">MS Office驗證使用方式如下:</span></div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-af0d9x_IGPw/T-Fkjq6fp5I/AAAAAAAADzQ/1CzOYUzsdPQ/s1600/001.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><img border="0" height="237" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-af0d9x_IGPw/T-Fkjq6fp5I/AAAAAAAADzQ/1CzOYUzsdPQ/s320/001.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">先選取整欄,或者需要的欄位。</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sogUpipTXAs/T-FqFU-s89I/AAAAAAAADzc/7bnRR-cK864/s1600/002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="249" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sogUpipTXAs/T-FqFU-s89I/AAAAAAAADzc/7bnRR-cK864/s320/002.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">將儲存格內充許,設定為「</span><span style="color: red; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">清單</span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">」,在來源處輸入輸入選項的資料,並以半形「</span><span style="color: red; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">,</span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">」作為分界!</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vUg3FU40N-Q/T-FqF9NBcpI/AAAAAAAADzg/gMEGao14zRQ/s1600/003.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vUg3FU40N-Q/T-FqF9NBcpI/AAAAAAAADzg/gMEGao14zRQ/s320/003.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-size: small;">確定後,在選擇的儲存格旁,即會出現下</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: left;">拉式選項,點選即可。</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a_ka_gODUfE/T-F6grsx7zI/AAAAAAAADzw/8r7iN0Vc4Mo/s1600/004.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a_ka_gODUfE/T-F6grsx7zI/AAAAAAAADzw/8r7iN0Vc4Mo/s320/004.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">可以設定提示訊息</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sSQCeWFqhG0/T-GcjQ54ksI/AAAAAAAAD0M/y3RIEuYwiaY/s1600/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-07-39.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sSQCeWFqhG0/T-GcjQ54ksI/AAAAAAAAD0M/y3RIEuYwiaY/s1600/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-07-39.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">驗證還有其他功能及選項,例:提示作用…</span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">。</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kCDNpXmAgV4/T-GdERt46rI/AAAAAAAAD0c/t0xkjPBcOQY/s1600/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-08-48.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="249" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kCDNpXmAgV4/T-GdERt46rI/AAAAAAAAD0c/t0xkjPBcOQY/s320/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-08-48.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">設定</span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">當資料驗證錯誤時的警訊</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ozhq19o7pAw/T-Gc3mZrjlI/AAAAAAAAD0U/eo9AUIiAnV0/s1600/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-10-27.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="182" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ozhq19o7pAw/T-Gc3mZrjlI/AAAAAAAAD0U/eo9AUIiAnV0/s320/2009-7-21%2520%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%2588%252011-10-27.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">原本應為清單內的資料,但使用者使用了非清單內的資訊,即如下畫面所顯示。</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div>
by necos.s</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15597760270180416786noreply@blogger.com0